Généralités
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including the diversity of species, genes, and ecosystems. Global changes, in turn, encompass a wide range of transformations that affect the planet on a global scale. These changes can be of natural origin, such as climatic cycles, or of anthropogenic origin, resulting from human activities such as urbanization, deforestation, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The interaction between biodiversity and global changes is complex and often bidirectional. On one hand, global changes can exert pressure on biodiversity by altering natural habitats, modifying climatic conditions, promoting the introduction of invasive species, and causing other environmental changes. On the other hand, biodiversity itself plays a crucial role in regulating ecosystems and adapting to environmental changes. Different species interact with each other in complex ways, providing ecosystem services such as crop pollination, disease control, water and air purification, and climate regulation.