Toxicology is the scientific field that studies the harmful effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on living organisms. In other words, studying toxicology means exploring how substances interact with the body at molecular, cellular, and systemic levels to understand their mechanisms of action and potential risks.

        Food toxicology, in particular, focuses on substances that may enter the human diet, assessing their safety and how they affect health over short and long-term exposure.

        A comprehensive understanding of toxicology requires a combination of theoretical knowledge, practical experimentation, and guided analysis to gain meaningful insight into the mechanisms of toxicity, the behavior of xenobiotics in the body, and the principles underlying safe exposure levels.

محاضرات الصيرفة الاسلامية كاملة حسب المقرر الدراسي موجهة لطلبة السنة الثالثة لسانس اقتصاد نقدي وبنكي/ السداسي السادس/  من اعداد الاستاذ أوصالح عبد الحليم