مخطط الموضوع
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Semester: 1st semester
UE: Basic Teaching Unit Subject 2: CELL BIOLOGY
Teaching Objectives
The objectives of this course are to introduce students to the living world at the cellular level, to acquire the basic notions of the cell, eukaryotic and prokaryotic, and to study the cellular constituents. These goals are reinforced by practice sessions in the laboratory.
Recommended prior knowledge (brief description of the knowledge required to be able to follow this course – Maximum 2 lines).
The student must have knowledge of General Biology
Content of the material
1. General
1.1. Classification and relative importance of kingdoms 1.2. Cell and Cell Theory
1.3. Origin and evolution
1.4. Types cellulaires (Procaryote, Eucaryote, Acaryote)
2. Cell Study Methods
2.1. Otic and electron microscopy methods 2.2. Histochemical methods
2.3. Immunological methods
2.4. Enzymological methods
3. Plasma Membrane: Structure and Function
4. Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility
5. Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix
6. Chromatin, Chromosomes, and Cell Nucleus
7. Ribosome and Protein Synthesis
8. The Endoplasmic Reticulum-Golgi Apparatus System
9. The Interphase Nucleus
10. The Endosomal System: Endocytosis
11. Mitochondria
12. Chloroplasts
13. Peroxysomes
L1 Common Core: Natural and Life Sciences
Page 11
14. Extracellular matrix 15. Plant wall
Tutorials / Practical work 1. Methods of studying cells
1.1. Separation of cellular constituents 1.2. Observation of cellular constituents 1.3. Identification of cellular constituents 1.4. Plant wall
2. Cell Cultures
3. Physiological Function Tests
3.1. Reconstitution of the function from the isolated constituents
3.2. Anatomical tests: autoradiography, fluorescence labels, proteins
fluorescent green
3.3. Physiological Tests: control of protein expression, mutation,
Overexpression
Method of assessment
Continuous assessment and semi-annual review
References
1. B. Albert, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and P. Walter, 2011- Molecular biology of the cell. Ed. Lavoisier, Paris, 1601p.
2. Abraham L. Kierszenbaum, 2006- Histology and Cell Biology: Ed De Boeck, 619p.
3. Thomas Dean Pollard and William C. Earnshaw, 2004- Cell Biology. Ed. Elsevier Masson, Paris, 853p.
4. Marc Maillet, 2006- Cell Biology. Ed. Elsevier Masson, Paris, 618p.
The semester organization sheet for this course is distributed as follows/
Credits
Coefficients
Course
Td
Tp
VHS
Weeks
CC
Examination
8
4
1h 30
1h30
3h
90h00
15
40%
60%
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Have you ever thought about what living organisms are made of? Or rather, what makes us living beings? Here is the introduction to Cell. The cell is the smallest structural unit of a living organism. So, everything we are capable of doing is possible thanks to the 10,000 billion cells present in our body. The number is enormous and of course, the function they perform is even greater. In this section here, we will present to you the different types of cells: their original structure, characteristics (cell theory).
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Like all other cellular membranes, the plasma membrane consists of both lipids and proteins. The fundamental structure of the membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments. In the case of the plasma membrane, these compartments are the inside and the outside of the cell. Proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer carry out the specific functions of the plasma membrane, including selective transport of molecules and cell-cell recognition.
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The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its outside surface. The plasma membrane consists of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable. The plasma membrane regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell. The cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed environment inside the cell. And that membrane has several different functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell.
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Cytoskeleton, a system of filaments or fibres that is present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (cells containing a nucleus). The cytoskeleton organizes other constituents of the cell, maintains the cell’s shape, and is responsible for the locomotion of the cell itself and the movement of the various organelles within it. The filaments that comprise the cytoskeleton are so small that their existence was only discovered because of the greater resolving power of the electron microscope
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The Cell Biology tutorial is mainly intended for students in the 1st year LMD - Biology / Common Core
This tutorial consists mainly of seven series of tutorials; TD N°0 presenting an introduction to the cell; TD No. 1, presenting a comparison between optical or photonic microscopy and electron microscopy; TD N° 2, analysing the technique for preparing histological sections; TD No. 3, explaining cell fractionation by centrifugation; TD N° 4 and 5, explaining the structure and physiological role of the plasma membrane respectively and finally TD N° 6, he focuses on cell junctions.
General objectives: At the end of this tutorial, the student will be able to:
Know the basic principles of cell biology.
- Understand the cell at the organizational and functional level.
- Introduce to the methods of studying the cell.
- Acquire the knowledge essential to the continuation of the Life Sciences course.
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In THE Practical work Cell Biology, students will actively study the material. they will learn to use the microscope to make close observations, to interpret what they see and to solve problems.
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